Federalism

 What makes India a Federal Country ?

(1).  Divisions of powers : 

  The Constitution demarcates the powers of the central and the state governments into different lists of subjects.
There are broadly three lists : 

   Union list :

Subjects of national importance like defence, foreign affairs, atomic energy, banking, post and telegraph are included in the Union list.

Only the central government can pass laws on the subjects mentioned in the Union List because we need a uniform policy on important or  national issues throughout the country .
The Union list has 97 subjects.

     State List :

It comprises those important subjects on which the state government can pass laws. 

Subjects like police, local government, trade and commerce, agriculture are within the state included in the State List.

The State List has 66 subjects.


         Concurrent List: 

The concurrent list comprises the subjects which are of common concern both to the Centre and state governments .

Ordinarily both the central and the state governments can frame laws on these subjects.

However, if there is a conflict between the central law and the state law, over a subject in the Concurrent list, the central law would be effective.

Subjects like  criminal and civil procedure , marriage and divorce, education , economic planning, trade unions etc.
The concurrent list has 47 subjects.






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