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  (4).  Consent of both the levels of government: Under a Federal government the fundamental provisions can not be unilaterally changed by one level of government. For example in India the Parliament cannot on its own change the fundamental structure of the constitution.     Any change to it has to be first passed by both the Houses of Parliament with at least two - thirds majority.   (5). Jurisdiction: In a federation the judiciary plays an important role in overseeing the implementation of constitutional provisions and procedures. 

   Residuary Powers : Matters which are not included in the division of powers , are known as Residuary Powers.  It was felt that there can be subjects which are not mentioned in either of these lists. The central government has been given the power to legislative on these residuary subjects.     (2).     Three tier system: As discussed earlier under a Federal government different tiers of government govern the same citizens. This is true for Indians. In India We have a three tier system of government i.e.,   .      Union Government   .      State Government   .      Local Self Government  (3).   Not equal powers to all administrative units: Most of the federation that are formed by Holding together   do not give equal powers to its constituent units. All states in the Indian Union    do not have identical powers . Some states enjoy a special status. Jammu and Kas...

 What makes India a Federal Country ? (1).   Divisions of powers :    The Constitution demarcates the powers of the central and the state governments into different lists of subjects. There are broadly three lists :     Union list : Subjects of national importance like defence, foreign affairs, atomic energy, banking, post and telegraph are included in the Union list. Only the central government can pass laws on the subjects mentioned in the Union List because we need a uniform policy on important or  national issues throughout the country . The Union list has 97 subjects.      State List : It comprises those important subjects on which the state government can pass laws.  Subjects like police, local government, trade and commerce, agriculture are within the state included in the State List. The State List has 66 subjects.          Concurrent List:  The concurrent list comprises the subjects which ...

Rigid Constitution The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Dual objective of Federalism  1-  To safeguard and promote unity of the country. 2-   Accomodate the regional diversity. Executive : Executive is the branch of government responsible for the implementation of laws and policies adopted by the Legislative. Legislative : Legislative connected with the act of making laws.  Jurisdiction  Area of control. Seperate Jurisdiction:  Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of Legislation, Taxation and Administration. Example:   India .  Kinds of Federation: There are two types . (1). Coming together  Federation: Coming together  Federation is a type of  Federation in which all the independent states come together to form a large unit of government. Const. states usually have equal power ...

 What is Federalism? A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. FEATURES OF FEDERALISM  Two or more level of government. Each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of  Legislation, Taxation  and  Administration. These Jurisdictions are specified in the constitution So, existence and authority of each tier is Constitutionally guaranteed . Sources of revenue and clearly  specified for each tier of  govt. to ensure FINANCIAL AUTONOMY.